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Digestion is a complex physiological process that begins in the mouth and ends in the small intestine, involving a series of intricate mechanisms to break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body. It starts with chewing, which mechanically breaks down food into smaller particles while mixing it with saliva containing enzymes that initiate the breakdown of carbohydrates. The food then travels down the esophagus to the stomach, where it is further broken down by stomach acid and enzymes, forming a semi-liquid mixture called chyme. From the stomach, chyme enters the small intestine, where the majority of digestion and nutrient absorption occur. Here, enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver help break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates into their simplest forms—amino acids, fatty acids, and sugars—so they can be absorbed into the bloodstream. The small intestine is lined with tiny finger-like projections called villi and microvilli, which increase surface area for absorption. The remaining indigestible material moves into the large intestine, where water and electrolytes are absorbed, and waste products are formed into stool for elimination. Throughout the process, the digestive system relies on the coordinated function of various organs, hormones, and nerves to ensure efficient digestion and absorption of nutrients essential for maintaining overall health and well-being.